Control Flow

Conditional Execution

Control flow statements allow you to execute code selectively based on certain conditions. The most common way to do this is with if, else if, and else.

if / else if / else / unless

An if statement executes a block of code only if its condition is true. It can be followed by one or more else if blocks and an optional else block, which runs if no preceding conditions were met. The unless statement is just the opposite of if, I prefer using unless instead of having lot's of !(Not) characters everywhere.

data score = 85

if (score >= 90) {
    out("Grade: A")
} else if (score >= 80) {
    out("Grade: B")
} else {
    out("Grade: C or lower")
}
# Output: Grade: B
unless score >= 0 {
    # This examples uses the panic keyword you can find it in the error handling section
    panic Score cannot be negative!!!"
}

Loops

Loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly. Ry currently supports while, foreach and do-until loops.

while Loops

A while loop continues to execute its code block as long as its condition remains true. It's important to ensure the condition will eventually become false to avoid an infinite loop.

data i = 0
while i < 3 {
    out("Hello number ${i}")
    i = i + 1
}

# Output:
# Hello number 0
# Hello number 1
# Hello number 2

foreach Loops

The foreach loop is ideal when you know exactly how many times you want to iterate. It consists of an initializer, and an iterable expression.

foreach data i in 0 to 5 {
    out("Iteration: ${i}")
}
# Output: Iteration: 0 ... Iteration: 5

do-until Loops

a do-until loop is like the while loop and unless statement combined.The unless loop repeats a piece of code until the condition is false.

data i = 0
do {
  out("Hello number ${i}")
  i = i + 1
} until i == 10
# Outputs: 
# Hello number 0 ... Hello number 9

Congratulations on Mastering the Basics!

You've now covered all the fundamental concepts of the Ry language! You're ready to explore more powerful features in the Advanced section, starting with C++ extensibility.